Résumé en anglais

In this article, we characterize efficient portfolios, i.e. portfolios which are optimal for at least one rational agent, in a very general financial market model with proportional transaction costs. In our setting, transaction costs may be random, time-dependent, have jumps and the preferences of the agents are modeled by multivariate expected utility functions. Thanks to the dual formulation of expected multivariate utility maximization problem established in Campi and Owen \cite{CO}, we provide a complete characterization of efficient portfolios, generalizing earlier results of Dybvig \cite{Dyb2} and Jouini and Kallal \cite{JK1}. We basically show that a portfolio is efficient if and only if it is cyclically anticomonotonic with respect to at least one consistent price system. Finally, we introduce the notion of utility price of a given contingent claim as the minimal amount of a given initial portfolio allowing any agent to reach the claim by trading in the market, and give a dual representation of it.