Résumé en anglais

This paper examines scientific collaboration between French public research teams and distant partners. We first analyse the role and the development of trust and then, the relation between the degree of sophistication of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and the constraint of geographical proximity. In that purpose, we present a typology of the different kinds of knowledge and a classification of technologies. A case study in the field of space physics allows us to confront our theoretical elements to real life. We study the evolution of ICT sophistication parallel to collaboration patterns. Finally, we give some recommendations for public funding of virtual networks.