Résumé en anglais

We apply the method of time-dependent rescalings which has been developed by G. Rein and the author to a model kinetic equation, to the Euler equations for a perfect polytropic gas and to a model with friction and heat transfer. We build Lyapunov functionals which are in the case of the fluid models improved versions of the estimates which have been found by J.-Y. Chemin and D. Serre (see [2], [14]).