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Stereotypes, underconfidence and decision-making with an application to gender and math

Jouini, Elyès; Karehnke, Paul; Napp, Clotilde (2018), Stereotypes, underconfidence and decision-making with an application to gender and math, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 148, p. 34-45. 10.1016/j.jebo.2018.02.002

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JouiniNapp_Stereotypes.pdf (391.1Kb)
Type
Article accepté pour publication ou publié
Date
2018
Journal name
Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization
Volume
148
Publisher
Elsevier
Pages
34-45
Publication identifier
10.1016/j.jebo.2018.02.002
Metadata
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Author(s)
Jouini, Elyès
CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision [CEREMADE]
Karehnke, Paul
UNSW Business School
Napp, Clotilde cc
CEntre de REcherches en MAthématiques de la DEcision [CEREMADE]
Abstract (EN)
We study the effects of the presence of a negative stereotype on the formation of self-confidence and on decision-making in achievement-related situations. We take into account not only consumption utility but also psychological utility (ex-ante ego utility and ex-post disappointment/elation). We show that any stereotype of lower ability (in the form of biased interpretation of success and failure in terms of ability) leads to gaps in confidence, in participation in risky/ambitious options and in performance. Furthermore, we show how the stereotype survives and even gets reinforced. Considering gender and mathematics, we are able to explain the lower self-confidence of girls in mathematics, their underrepresentation in STEM fields, as well as their choices of less ambitious options and lower performance.
Subjects / Keywords
Stereotype; Gender gap; Self-confidence; Subjective ability
JEL
D03 - Behavioral Microeconomics: Underlying Principles
D81 - Criteria for Decision-Making under Risk and Uncertainty
D84 - Expectations; Speculations
J16 - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
I24 - Education and Inequality

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