Résumé en anglais

This paper analyzes several well-known bibliometric indices using an axiomatic approach. The bibliometric indices that are studied include classic ones such as the number of highly cited papers as well as more recent ones such as the h -index and the g -index. We give conditions that characterize these indices, up to the multiplication by a positive constant. We also study the bibliometric rankings that are induced by these indices. Hence, we provide a general framework for the comparison of bibliometric rankings and indices.