Abstract (EN)

The contemporary religious identities in the mirror of Human Rights, a contribution to human right sociology. This thesis tries to revive a type of research that originates from first work of French sociology: sociological study of a central concept of juridical field, (that is to say, the so called) in this case Human Rights as much as contemporary invocation to serve religious claims by means of the related texts by individuals or institutions. Systematic invocations of Human Rights at every society level and particularly the contemporary way to express religious identity are the objects of this two levels conducted analysis. Considering this text a Human Rights sociology contribution to religious identity question is therefore appropriate. The rule of law and the way individuals take it over or interpret it is the structural factor on which (depends) is based social fact. Radical specificity of our times is identified in this work at two different levels: Human Rights have turned to a norm likely to be invoked in any type of conflict instead of being just a set of texts of political significance; alteration of rules in force in society, formerly a political fight, are now justified through Human Rights. This analysis has focused on this specificity by developing first a distinction between society of litigation and society of dispute and, in a second time, a typology of religious identities in accordance to the relationship that the individual maintains with the rule of law.